By Dieter Burkert
a religious and politically tumultuous time and their main representatives Verande not only thought but also the language. Überkommende word forms can be rezoned to content, create new language units. About Martin Luther Werner Besch writes in his history of language: "You can talk before Luther absolutely not from New High German written language or by neuhoch-German type of language, for only through him it is decided that common language is (...) to the course."
"I talk to the six tables Cantzley"
by Luther himself, we know what he anknüpft: "I speak after the six tables Cantzley" (table-talk, abstract 1532, No. 2758 b). Luther was in his parents' house and saw her dialect, "bilingual," the mother said westthüringisch, elbost the father-fälisch. Luther himself - the Ergee ben precise textual analysis - was increasingly anxious to speak as diglossaler Nordthüringer to uber-regional understandable and write.
Bibelübersetzung and Sprachschöpfung
particular Bibelübersetzung Luther (1522 New Testament, 1534 Total Bible) led especially in the area to enforce nichtreligiösen of central and northern German language forms in the upper German (In South Germany) hardly usual were and still are a kind frühneuhochdeutschen standard vocabulary, and some examples: harvest (instead of cut) - Hugel (instead Bühel) - lip (instead of lip) - Whip (instead of whip) - level (instead of Season) - Pot (instead of port) - Trans (instead Zahre) - Goat (instead of goat). Luther was also Upper German (rather than central and northern German For-men) prefer: night (for West) - Lunch (for South) - midnight (for North) - Tomorrow (for East) - tail (for Zagel).
"E had ittliche sprag own art" (Table Talk 5, 5521)
This übernommene Aventine said of philosophical findings spawned a good piece Luther's Übersetzungsprinzip. In the "Send letter of interpretation" (1530) Luther examples are for the manner of his, mutatis mutandis translate. Renowned is a contentious point in Matthäus's Gospel (12:34), where it is mostly up to Luther: "Apart from the Hertz uberflus the mouth speaks" (faithful to the Vulgate version: ex cordis os loquitur Abundantia). This Luther: "If the German spoken?" "You can say no German, but ... Wes is hertz vol of the mouth goeth about "(Epistle 16).
everyday life, and sacramental also
eigenständiger Luther saw himself as a theological interpreter of God's grace. This leads to the recently identified close to everyday Übersetzungsstil, which nevertheless does not trivialize certain passages of Scripture, but knows how to protect their sacred character. Examples: Ritual Language:
"Behold, I verkündige you ...", epic introduction:" It happened ...", solemn Verbgebrauch "and answered said ... "(Birgit Stolt. Luther, the Bible and in the human heart: MS 94, 1983, 1-15).
enduring impact on the German vocabulary
vocabulary, sentence structure and Sprichwörtergut owe Luther power of speech lasting enrichment.
vocabulary: word pictures like zeal, peaceful, kleingläubig, Lückenbüßer and power are unübertrefflich word. Transformation in the meanings of words stand out:
"working" no longer means Muhsal and plague, but activity, task performance. "Profession" is not clerical, but occupied secular and refers to office and orders. Wortgut: Even the mystic (Ekkehard, Tauler, Suso) is consistently significant: impression, imagination, contemplation, clear, incomprehensible, much more. Proverbial: make his light under a bushel;; A thorn in the flesh, the spirit is willing, but ... he who digs a pit for another, ... the most of his pounds; contribute his mite. The examples could be continued indefinitely.
syntax: Which of Luther German 'speaks, you also consider a simple, ungekünstelten sentence structure, in which the word order is still very mobile and the linkage of the sentence parts appear to loose: "Who is a heufflin Fromer Christians were caught unnd Leyen put in a wusteney / nit the bey himself a priest geweyheten Hette of a bishop / and the things were alda eyniß / erweleten eynen under yhn ... / And to baptize the befilhen ym AMPT / knife holder / absolutism / and preach about the one who warhafftig priest ... "(To the Christian Nobility of the German nation: from the Christian Estate, 1520). In the words of Justus Jonas, Luther 1546, grave speech, one can safely conclude: "(Luther), the German language ... legally produced. "
The author is a philologist and a doctorate in theology.
Source: voice of the VDS 4 / 10
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