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| Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach in 1522 |
On 13 February 1511 Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach was elected to the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. 14 years later, the Hohenzollern Totengräber to the German Teutonic Order, calling him transformed into a secular, hereditary Duchy of Poland's favor.
the German Order State in Prussia was followed the principle of efficiency. Instead of protection, and relationships should perform better and a willingness to decide about the occupation of Staatsämtern. Is how the German order for even over generations, the member of election at the head, which had until then kept in the best service to the Order.
On the advice of the Grand Master John of depths they came from this principle however. The religious state was no longer able alone to resist the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and therefore chooses now Fürstensöhne usually too high, in the hope that they were then let her relationship to you for the good play of the religious state.
on the depth of death in 1497 was Frederick of Saxony Wettin lected after the first of this new criterion Grand Master. He was succeeded after his death 1510, the Hohenzollern Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach. Väterlicherseits was Al-Albrechts grandfather of Elector of Brandenburg and Margrave of Ansbach and Kulmbach Albrecht Achilles and mütterlicherseits the Polish king Kasimir II With the election so Albrecht joined the hope of finding allied for the Reich and to appease Poland.
After Albrecht was elected in death year of its operation from the field to those who trespass against künftigen Masters, he was on 13 February 1511 in the German Order Zschillen provost at Chemnitz included in the Order of the Ordensbevollmächtigten be final chosen as the Grand Master and invested with it has been.
barely in office, he found himself with the claim of his uncle, King Sigismund I of Poland face, swore allegiance to him. The Polish king looked at as a result of the Second Peace of Thorn of 1466 as lord of the Order of the area and therefore held to that claim allegiance to have. This act of subjugation-tion and recognition of the sovereignty of Poland, however, tried to avoid the new Grand Master as his predecessor by all means.
This struggle cost the already tense relations between the German Teutonic Order and the Polish-Lithuanian Union and tastes, finally in 1519 in a war. In this so-called Reiter war was a war-decisive clash of the Streitmächte. Instead, the concentrated kriegführenden parties to working with their riders in the territory of each other to rob and pillage.
In 1521, brokered the Roman-German Emperor Charles V and King Ludwig II of Bohemia and Hungary from the Polish Jagiellonian dynasty of Thorn in a scheduled four-year ceasefire. In this period, an arbitration brought under the leadership of the two monarchs, the issue of war opponents to the decision, a pious wish.
Albrecht took the time to advertise in the kingdom allied for. To this end, he went to the imperial government in Nurnberg. During the Diet of 1522/23 he visited here and sermons Andreas Osiander and came up with the reformer in personal contact. The supporters of Martin Luther succeeded to win the Grand Master for the Lutheran doctrine. The German Order State had been the Tannenberg battle of 1410 visibly on the wane and the Catholic Church in crisis, and as Albrecht, a reminder of Rome reached to reform his order, the Grand Master Luther sought even in Wittenberg, and asked him for advice Luther then advised the Grand Master of the Order into a secular state Principality convert.
Albrecht followed the advice before the truce expired in 1525 with Poland, suggested to the Grand Master of the Polish king a package solution: Sigismund's recognition of the transformation of the religious state into a hereditary duchy with Duke Albrecht as against Albrecht Recognition of the feudal rule of Sigismund. The Polish side agreed. On 8 April 1525 joined the war parties to Krakow peace and sealed the end of the German Order State. Albrecht paid homage to his uncle and was awarded the Herzogswürde in Prussia.
The German Order and the Emperor recognized the conversion of not, but Albrecht assured apart from the agreement with the Polish neighbors übermächtigen the action by the federal results with other Protestant rulers sent off. In addition, the Reformation had found during his stay in the kingdom and the German religious country many friends and followers. To Pentecost as Duke Albrecht went back to the area he had left as Grand Master. In the capital city of Koenigsberg, he took the country gathered for days in the presence of Polish Ambassador against the Homage. Those few knights who join the exchange did not understand or were expelled from the country. Thus, from the German Order State, the Duchy of Prussia.
Manuel Ruoff
Prussian Allgemeine Zeitung 06/11
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